Between 1995 and 2023, the Buffalo Police Department investigated 934 misconduct allegations, substantiating only 86. Of these, 38 officers were reprimanded, 28 suspended for at least one day, and none were fired or put on probation. Serious misconduct, such as excessive force, was rarely substantiated. For instance, of 157 use-of-force incidents, only two were substantiated, resulting in minimal suspensions. The department lacks a systematic tracking system for officer complaints, hindering the identification of patterns like racial bias or excessive use of force.