In 2007, Officer Audie Vigil arrested Adam Launer without probable cause. While Launer was handcuffed and lying face down, Vigil sprayed his neck and back with mace or pepper spray and punched him in the right shoulder. Launer suffered injuries including a partial pneumothorax and rib injuries. ([casetext.com](https://casetext.com/case/leadholm-v-city-of-commerce-city?utm_source=openai))